By F. Kippler. American University of Hawaii. 2018.

Make sure the solution to be instilled is at combined effect of two or more drugs room temperature discount 50mg decaris with amex. Clean the external ear with cotton balls that is less than that of each drug alone cheap 50mg decaris. Study Guide for Fundamentals of Nursing: The Art and Science of Nursing Care generic decaris 50 mg overnight delivery, 7th Edition. Give patient: cartilaginous portion of the pinna up and back in an adult and down and back in an infant or child under 3 years. Which of the following actions would a nurse be expected to perform when administering a 4. If using the outer aspect of the upper arm, place the patient’s arm over the chest with the outer area exposed. After removing the needle, massage the area gently with the alcohol swab unless it is a sub- cutaneous heparin or insulin injection site. The signature of the nurse carrying out the Match the types of drug preparations in Part A order with their descriptions listed in Part B. Fill-in-the-Blank Questions A physician has ordered medications in certain amounts. Make the necessary conversions and write what you will give to each patient on the line provided. Study Guide for Fundamentals of Nursing: The Art and Science of Nursing Care, 7th Edition. Muscle tissue compressed or molded; may be any size or shape, or enteric coated 16. Medication in a clear liquid containing water, alcohol, sweeteners, and flavoring a. Study Guide for Fundamentals of Nursing: The Art and Science of Nursing Care, 7th Edition. Your patient tells you she refuses to take the medication prescribed for her because it tastes “disgusting. Explain how the following factors would affect the type of equipment a nurse would choose for an injection. Prefilled cartridges: Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Study Guide for Fundamentals of Nursing: The Art and Science of Nursing Care, 7th Edition. Study Guide for Fundamentals of Nursing: The Art and Science of Nursing Care, 7th Edition. Use the chart below to identify the information you will need to teach him about these medications. Method Xanax Zantac Cipro Dosage Route of administration Frequency/schedule Desired effects Possible adverse effects Signs and symptoms of toxic drug effects Special instructions Recommended course of action with problems Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Study Guide for Fundamentals of Nursing: The Art and Science of Nursing Care, 7th Edition. Think about your responsibilities when ered by the pharmacy is labeled with the correct administering medication and then describe drug and dose, but with another patient’s how you would respond in the following name. The nurse checks the patient identifica- situations: tion band, and notes that it does not match a. How might the nurse use blended nursing leaves, you read the order and don’t under- skills to respond to this medication error. Because you are legally responsible for medications admin- istered, what would you do? Interview several nurses about their experiences with errors and what contributes to them. Study Guide for Fundamentals of Nursing: The Art and Science of Nursing Care, 7th Edition. Lemke, age 42, is scheduled for elective Circle the letter that corresponds to the best hernia surgery. Lemke be administered by injecting a local anesthetic predisposed because of his use of antibiotics? When preparing a patient who has diabetes mellitus for surgery, the nurse should be 2. When obtaining a consent form from a aware of which of the following potential patient scheduled to undergo surgery, the surgical risks associated with this disease? The responsibility for securing informed cal risks related to obesity should be considered consent from the patient lies with the when performing an assessment for this nurse. When preparing this patient for infection surgery, the nurse should consider which of b. Alterations in fluid and electrolyte balance the following surgical risks associated with c. Place the patient in a flat position with legs pain control, the nurse should consider elevated 45 degrees.

Because homeopathy is an inexpensive alternative with little profit margin and no possibility for patenting 50 mg decaris mastercard, its marketability to mainstream practitioners is low purchase decaris 50 mg overnight delivery, so few are aware of its benefits in a clinical setting discount decaris 50mg with visa. Contemporary Canadian society’s newfound understanding of health care as preven- tion of disease has led to a new perspective of natural approaches like homeopathy as mainstream. In line with this new definition of health care, homeopathy helps the body to do what it should be able to do on its own to keep the body healthy and free of disease. Conventional approaches, such as drugs and surgery, are sometimes necessary, but these approaches should soon become known as the complementary approach! For over 200 years, Canadians have been using homeopathic medicines suc- cessfully to treat acute and chronic illnesses. Interestingly, homeopaths were recognized under government structure before practitioners of conventional med- icine. In Upper Canada in 1859, homeopathic doctors were acknowledged and regulated under the Act Respecting Homeopathy. In 1865, An Act to Regulate the Qualifications of Practitioners in Medicine and Surgery in Upper Canada was pro- claimed. A clause in this act prohibited any repeal or action that would in any way affect the Homeopathic Act of 1859 and the Eclectic Act of 1861. In 1866, An Act Respecting the Medical Board and Medical Practitioners authorized the 74 | Chapter 9 formation of a licensing board for conventional doctors, exempting homeopaths and midwives. As a consequence of these two acts, the Council of Education and Registration of Upper Canada was established in 1866, with the authority to grant licences to practise medicine in Upper Canada. Homeopathic medicines are micro doses of plant, mineral, and other naturally occurring substances. They are regulated by Health Canada and are manufactured ac- cording to the highest drug safety standards. Homeopathic medicines are safe and efficient with no side effects and no drug interactions, allowing people to take conventional medications, if necessary, at the same time as their homeopathic treatment. In this way, homeopathy is able to help the body regain balance by get- ting it to do better what it is already equipped to do on its own. If necessary, when disease has progressed too far, conventional approaches like drugs and surgery may be prudent to use adjunctively. The first is the law of similars, which states that the same things that cause an illness will ultimately cure it. The second is that infinitesimal doses are all that are needed to trigger the body’s natural defence system. The third is that homeopathic medicines are prescribed in a very individualized way, taking into account not only physical symptoms but also the patient’s behavioural and mental/emotional condition. Scientific studies have demonstrated that highly diluted biological products (ho- meopathic medicines) can have a verifiable effect on humans. Homeopathy offers a simple, effective, and safe medical therapy free from known side effects. While it is always good to consult with a qualified practitioner, there are many homeopathic remedies that are safe for self-medication. Research centres around the world are conducting studies of homeopathic medi- cines and a growing number of these studies are being published in peer-reviewed journals. One of many such studies that has become very well known was published in The Lancet in 1997. The authors concluded that “The results of this meta-analysis are not compatible with the hypothesis that the clinical effects of homeopathy are completely due to placebo. Oddly enough, these and other trials and studies have not been given sufficient prominence, either within the scientific community or by media. To get more in- formation on homeopathic research, please call the world leader in homeopathic preparations, Boiron-Dolisos Laboratories (www. You may have already discovered that the remedy Pulsatilla can rid you of your allergy symptoms faster than you could imagine, but you may never have thought of using it for your child’s ear infection or your husband’s headache. You have had success, but would like to use it to tackle a more important health problem, or perhaps you would like a homeopath to take care of your family. The reality is that your choice of homeopathic practitioner determines the extent of health benefits you are likely to experience when using homeopathic remedies. Our society has a variety of health care resources, including general practitioners and specialists, pharmacists, nurses and nurse practitioners, and other caregivers in whom we place our trust. But let’s not forget the myriad of ancillary practitioners who are just as well educated and ready to treat you for your health concerns using a more natural and gentle approach. These include homeopathic doctors, naturopathic doctors, acupuncturists, traditional Chinese medicine doctors, nutritionists, registered massage therapists, and chiropractors.

People who have baby faces (both men and women) are seen as more attractive than people who are not baby-faced 50 mg decaris otc. People are more attracted to faces that are more symmetrical than they are to those that are less symmetrical generic 50mg decaris with mastercard, and this may be due in part to the [6] perception that symmetrical faces are perceived as healthier (Rhodes et al best decaris 50 mg. Although you might think that we would prefer faces that are unusual or unique, in fact the [7] opposite is true. The researchers found that the more faces that were averaged into the stimulus, the more attractive it was judged. Although preferences for youthful, symmetrical, and average faces have been observed cross- culturally, and thus appear to be common human preferences, different cultures may also have unique beliefs about what is attractive. In modern Western cultures, “thin is in,‖ and people [8] prefer those who have little excess fat (Crandall, Merman, & Hebl, 2009). The need to be thin to be attractive is particularly strong for women in contemporary society, and the desire to maintain a low body weight can lead to low self-esteem, eating disorders, and other unhealthy Attributed to Charles Stangor Saylor. However, the norm of thinness has not always been in place; the preference for women with slender, masculine, and athletic looks has become stronger over the past 50 years. In contrast to the relatively universal preferences for youth, symmetry, and averageness, other [9] cultures do not show such a strong propensity for thinness (Sugiyama, 2005). Forming Judgments on the Basis of Appearance: Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination We frequently use people‘s appearances to form our judgments about them and to determine our responses to them. The tendency to attribute personality characteristics to people on the basis of their external appearance or their social group memberships is known as stereotyping. Our stereotypes about physically attractive people lead us to see them as more dominant, sexually warm, mentally healthy, intelligent, and socially skilled than we perceive physically unattractive [10] people (Langlois et al. And our stereotypes lead us to treat people differently—the physically attractive are given better grades on essay exams, are more successful on job interviews, and receive lighter sentences in court judgments than their less attractive counterparts [11] (Hosoda, Stone-Romero, & Coats, 2003; Zebrowitz & McDonald, 1991). In addition to stereotypes about physical attractiveness, we also regularly stereotype people on the basis of their sex, race, age, religion, and many other characteristics, and these stereotypes [12] are frequently negative (Schneider, 2004). Stereotyping is unfair to the people we judge because stereotypes are based on our preconceptions and negative emotions about the members of the group. Stereotyping is closely related to prejudice, the tendency to dislike people because of their appearance or group memberships, and discrimination, negative behaviors toward others based on prejudice. We may not vote for a gay person for public office because of our negative stereotypes about gays, and we may avoid people from other religions or those with mental illness because of our prejudices. Research has found, for instance, that attractive people are actually more sociable, more popular, and less lonely than less attractive individuals Attributed to Charles Stangor Saylor. And, consistent with the stereotype that women are “emotional,‖ women are, on average, more empathic and attuned to the emotions of others than are men (Hall [14] & Schmid Mast, 2008). Group differences in personality traits may occur in part because people act toward others on the basis of their stereotypes, creating a self-fulfilling prophecy. A self-fulfilling prophecyoccurs when our expectations about the personality characteristics of others lead us to behave toward those others in ways that make those beliefs come true. If I have a stereotype that attractive people are friendly, then I may act in a friendly way toward people who are attractive. This friendly behavior may be reciprocated by the attractive person, and if many other people also engage in the same positive behaviors with the person, in the long run he or she may actually become friendlier. But even if attractive people are on average friendlier than unattractive people, not all attractive people are friendlier than all unattractive people. And even if women are, on average, more emotional than men, not all men are less emotional than all women. Social psychologists believe that it is better to treat people as individuals rather than rely on our stereotypes and prejudices, because stereotyping and prejudice are always unfair and often inaccurate (Fiske, 1989; Stangor, [15] 1995). Furthermore, many of our stereotypes and prejudices occur out of our awareness, such that we do not even know that we are using them. Implicit Association Test You might want to test your own stereotypes and prejudices by completing the Implicit Association Test, a measure of unconscious stereotyping. Because our primitive ancestors needed to accurately separate members of their own kin group from those of others, categorizing people into “us‖ (the ingroup) and “them‖ (the outgroup) was useful and even necessary (Neuberg, [16] Kenrick, & Schaller, 2010). And the positive emotions that we experience as a result of our Attributed to Charles Stangor Saylor. We may gain social identity as members of our university, our sports teams, our religious and racial groups, and many other groups. But the fact that we may use our stereotypes does not mean that we should use them. Stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination, whether they are consciously or unconsciously applied, make it difficult for some people to effectively contribute to society and may create both [18] mental and physical health problems for them (Swim & Stangor, 1998). In some cases getting beyond our prejudices is required by law, as detailed in the U. Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Equal Opportunity Employment Act of 1972, and the Fair Housing Act of 1978.

Bases are referred to as being more alka- line than acids and are known as proton acceptors generic 50mg decaris with amex. Chapter 1: The Chemistry of Life 9 Answer these practice questions about atoms and elements: 1 decaris 50 mg without a prescription. For an atom with an atomic number of 19 and an atomic weight of 39 50mg decaris visa, the total number of neu- trons is a. Fill in the blanks to complete the following sentences: Different isotopes of the same element have the same number of 7. Part I: Building Blocks of the Body 10 Compounding Chemical Reactions Atoms tend to arrange themselves in the most stable patterns possible, which means that they have a tendency to complete or fill their outermost electron orbits. The force that holds atoms together in collections known as molecules is referred to as a chemical bond. There are two main types and some secondary types of chemical bonds: Ionic bond: This chemical bond (shown in Figure 1-2) involves a transfer of an elec- tron, so one atom gains an electron while one atom loses an electron. One of the resulting ions carries a negative charge, and the other ion carries a positive charge. Na Cl Na+ Cl– Figure 1-2: Sodium atom (Na) Chlorine atom (Cl) Sodium atom (Na) Chloride ion Ionic bonding. Sodium chloride (NaCl) Covalent bond: The most common bond in organic molecules, a covalent bond (shown in Figure 1-3) involves the sharing of electrons between two atoms. The pair of shared electrons forms a new orbit that extends around the nuclei of both atoms, producing a molecule. There are two secondary types of covalent bonds that are relevant to biology: H H H H C + H C H H H H H Carbon atom H Figure 1-3: H Covalent bonding. Hydrogen atoms Methane molecule • Polar bond: Two atoms connected by a covalent bond may exert different attractions for the electrons in the bond, producing an unevenly distrib- uted charge. The result is known as a polar bond, an intermediate case between ionic and covalent bonding, with one end of the molecule slightly negatively charged and the other end slightly positively charged. Although the resulting molecule is neutral, at close distances the uneven charge dis- tribution can be important. Water is an example of a polar molecule; the oxygen end has a slight positive charge whereas the hydrogen ends are Chapter 1: The Chemistry of Life 11 slightly negative. Polarity explains why some substances dissolve readily in water and others do not. Consequently, molecules of water join together transiently in a hydrogen-bonded lattice. Hydrogen bonds have only about ⁄120 the strength of a covalent bond, yet even this force is sufficient to affect the structure of water, producing many of its unique properties, such as high surface tension, specific heat, and heat of vaporization. A chemical reaction is the result of a process that changes the number, the types, or the arrangement of atoms within a molecule. Chemical reactions are written in the form of an equation, with an arrow indicating the direction of the reaction. The four families of organic compounds with important biological functions are Carbohydrates: These molecules consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of roughly 1:2:1. If a test question involves identifying a compound as a car- bohydrate, count the atoms and see if they fit that ratio. Carbohydrates are formed by the chemical reaction process of concentration, or dehydration synthe- sis, and broken apart by hydrolysis, the cleavage of a chemical by a reaction that adds water. There are several subcategories of carbohydrates: • Monosaccharides, also called monomers or simple sugars, are the building blocks of larger carbohydrate molecules and are a source of stored energy (see Figure 1-4). Key monomers include glucose (also known as blood sugar), fructose, and galactose. These three have the same numbers of carbon (6), hydrogen (12), and oxygen (6) atoms in each molecule — for- mally written as C6H12O6 — but the bonding arrangements are different. Glycogen is the primary polymer in the body; it breaks down to form glucose, an immediate source of energy for cells. Lipids: Commonly known as fats, these molecules contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and sometimes nitrogen and phosphorous. Insoluble in water because they contain a preponderance of nonpolar bonds, lipid molecules have six times more stored energy than carbohydrate molecules. A fatty acid is a long, straight chain of carbon atoms with hydrogen atoms attached (see Figure 1-5). If the carbon chain has its full number of hydrogen atoms, the fatty acid is saturated (examples include butter and lard). If the carbon chain has less than its full number of hydrogen atoms, the fatty acid is unsaturated (examples include margarine and vegetable oils). Phospholipids, as the name suggests, contain phosphorus and often nitrogen and form a layer in the cell membrane.