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Thought Trackers show you how feelings order sinemet 110 mg mastercard, events order sinemet 300mg on line, and thoughts connect — they lay it all out for you generic sinemet 300 mg overnight delivery. See how Molly, Tyler, and Jasmine complete their Thought Trackers before you try a few for yourself. Her psychologist has been having her fill out Thought Trackers for the past week whenever she notices upsetting feelings. So later that night she completes a Thought Tracker on the incident (see Worksheet 4-11). Worksheet 4-11 Molly’s Thought Tracker Feelings and Sensations (Rated 1–100) Corresponding Events Thoughts/Interpretations Despair (70); nauseous Crunched my I can’t believe I did that. Tense (90); tightness through I don’t have time to deal my back and shoulders with this. I’ll have to call the insurance company, get estimates on the repair, and arrange alternative transportation. Chapter 4: Minding Your Moods 51 Strange as it may seem, Tyler slams his car into that same pole, although not until the next night. He also fills out a Thought Tracker on the incident (see Worksheet 4-12), having read about them in the Anxiety & Depression Workbook For Dummies. Worksheet 4-12 Tyler’s Thought Tracker Feelings and Sensations (Rated 1–100) Corresponding Events Thoughts/Interpretations Rage (80); flushed face and I hit that stupid There’s not a single good rapid breathing pole with my new reason that anyone sports car. Now, you’re going to find this really hard to believe, but Jasmine happens to be in that same parking lot a week later. Like Molly and Tyler, Jasmine com- pletes a Thought Tracker (see Worksheet 4-13) following her run-in with that pesky pole. Worksheet 4-13 Jasmine’s Thought Tracker Feelings and Sensations (Rated 1–100) Corresponding Events Thoughts/Interpretations Panic (95); terrified, sweaty, I slammed my At first I thought I might rapid shallow breathing, dizzy car into a pole. All three of them look at this event in unique ways, and they feel differently as a result. Because of the way she interprets the event, Molly’s at risk for anxiety and depression. On the other hand, Jasmine panics about the bash into the pole; her reaction is the product of her frequent struggles with anxiety and panic. Part I: Analyzing Angst and Preparing a Plan 52 Sometimes people say they really don’t know what’s going on in their heads when they feel distressed. They know how they feel and they know what happened, but they simply have no idea what they’re thinking. If so, ask yourself the ques- tions in Worksheet 4-14 about an event that accompanied your difficult feelings. Chapter 4: Minding Your Moods 53 The Thought Tracker demonstrates how the way you think about occurrences influences the way you feel. Sad feelings inevitably accompany thoughts about loss, low self-worth, or rejection. Anxious or worried feelings go along with thoughts about danger, vulnerability, or horrible outcomes. Pay attention to your body’s signals and write them down whenever you feel some- thing unpleasant. Refer to the Daily Unpleasant Emotions Checklist earlier in this chapter for help. Rate your feeling on a scale of intensity from 1 (almost undetectable) to 100 (maximal). Ask yourself what was going on when you started noticing your emotions and body’s signals. The corresponding event can be something happening in your world, but an event can also come in the form of a thought or image that runs through your mind. Be concrete and specific; don’t write something overly general such as “I hate my job. Refer to the preceding Thought Query Quiz if you experience any difficulty figuring out your thoughts about the event. Worksheet 4-15 My Thought Tracker Feelings and Sensations (Rated 1–100) Corresponding Events Thoughts/Interpretations (continued) Part I: Analyzing Angst and Preparing a Plan 54 Worksheet 4-15 (continued) Feelings and Sensations (Rated 1–100) Corresponding Events Thoughts/Interpretations Visit www. We reveal how distortions in your thinking can make you more upset than you need to be, and we show you how to prosecute your distorted thoughts for the trouble they cause and rehabili- tate those thoughts into clear, beneficial thinking. Finally, we help you uncover the deep, core beliefs and assumptions that may be responsible for many of your distorted thoughts. These beliefs may act like cracked or dirty lenses that you see yourself and your world through, so we help you regrind those lenses for clear vision. Chapter 5 Untangling Twisted Thinking In This Chapter Discovering distortions in your thinking Prejudging yourself Assigning blame n this chapter, we cut to the chase and help you apply the principles of cognitive therapy, Iwhich is based on the premise that the way you interpret or think about events largely determines the way you feel.

Differences between caregiver and care receiver are usually etic or outsiders’ views) (Leininger proven sinemet 300 mg, expectations need to be understood in order to 1990 cheap sinemet 110mg, 1995 order sinemet 110 mg fast delivery, p. Culturally congruent, specific, or universal care tional, folk, lay, and home-based) knowledge modes are essential to the health or well-being of or skills used to provide assistive, supportive, people of cultures. Nursing is essentially a transcultural care profes- another individual or group (they are largely sion and discipline. Culture care preservation or maintenance: Refers actions toward the good or desired ways to to those assistive, supporting, facilitative, or en- improve one’s lifeways. Political factors: Refers to authority and power help people of a particular culture to retain over others that regulates or influences an- and/or preserve relevant care values so that other’s actions, decisions, or behavior. Technological factors: Refers to the use of elec- from illness, or face handicaps and/or death trical, mechanical, or physical (nonhuman) (Leininger, 1991, p. Education factors: Refers to formal and infor- Refers to those assistive, supporting, facilita- mal modes of learning or acquiring knowledge tive, or enabling creative professional actions about specific ideas or diverse subject matter and decisions that help people of a designated domains or phenomena. Economic factors: Refers to the production, dis- for beneficial or satisfying health outcomes tribution, and use of negotiable material or (Leininger, 1991, p. Environmental factors: Refers to the totality of tive, or enabling professional actions and deci- factors within one’s geographic or ecological sions that help clients reorder, change, or living area. Culturally congruent care: Refers to the use of ferent, and beneficial health-care patterns culturally based care knowledge and action while respecting the client(s)’ cultural values modes with individuals or groups in beneficial and beliefs to provide beneficial and healthy and meaningful ways to assist or improve one’s lifeways (Leininger, 1991, p. Ethnohistory: Refers to past facts, events, in- rather than operational, in order to permit the re- stances, and experiences of individuals, groups, searcher to discover unknown phenomena or cultures, and institutions that have been pri- vaguely known ideas. Orientational terms allow dis- marily experienced or known in the past and covery and are usually congruent with the client which describe, explain, and interpret human lifeways. They are important in using the qualitative lifeways within a particular culture over short ethnonursing discovery method, which is focused or long periods of time (Leininger, 1991, p. Environmental context: Refers to the totality of their world using cultural knowledge and lifeways an event, situation, or particular experience (Leininger, 1985, 1991, 1997a, 1997b, 1999, 2000). Worldview: Refers to the way in which people A Conceptual Guide to tend to look out on the world or their universe Knowledge Discovery to form a picture or value stance about their life or the world around them (Leininger, 1991, The sunrise enabler (Figure 20–1) was developed p. Kinship and social factors: Refers to family in- sive conceptual picture of the major factors influ- tergenerational linkages and social interactions encing Culture Care Diversity and Universality based on cultural beliefs, values, and recurrent (Leininger, 1995, 1997a; Leininger & McFarland, lifeways over time. The enabler serves as a cognitive guide for the guide for doing culturalogical health-care assess- researcher to visualize and reflect on different fac- ment of clients. As the researcher uses the model, tors predicted to influence culturally based care. Gender and sexual ori- The sunrise enabler can also be used as entation, race, class factors, and biomedical con- a valuable guide for doing culturalogical dition are studied as part of the theory. The differences and similarities the enabler and follow the informants’ ideas and are important to document with the theory. If one starts in the upper differences may be with the historical, environmen- part of the enabler, one needs to reflect on all as- tal, and social structure factors (differences about pects depicted in order to obtain holistic or total care with religion, family, and economic, political, care data. If informants ask about the professional care, and then look at how religion, researcher’s views, they must be carefully and economics, and other factors influence these care sparsely shared. One always moves with the informants’ in- fact that some informants may want to please the terest and story rather than the researcher’s interest. Professional ideas, however, often cloud or The three modes of action and decision (in mask the client’s real interests and views. The informants’ ers with the informant the appropriate actions, knowledge is always kept central to the discovery decisions, or plans for care. Documenting ideas and care, but until all data have been studied from the informant’s emic viewpoint is essential to with the theory tenets, she cannot prove them. Unknown Full documentation of the informants’ viewpoints, care meanings, such as the concepts of protection, experiences, and actions is pursued. Generally, in- respect, love, and many other care concepts, need to formants select what they like to talk about first, be teased out and explored in depth as they are the and the nurse accommodates their interest or key words and ideas in understanding care. During the in-depth study of care meanings and expressions are not always read- the domain of inquiry, all areas of the sunrise ily known; informants ponder about care meanings enabler are identified and confirmed with the in- and are often surprised that nurses are focused on formants. Sometimes in- pants throughout the discovery process and in a formants may be reluctant to share social structure manner in which they feel comfortable and willing and factors such as religion and economical or po- to share their ideas. Leininger’s Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality 319 or indigenous) knowledge often has rich care data holistic knowledge base about care. Generic care ideas need dicts the health and well-being of people and fo- to be appropriately integrated into the three modes cuses on the totality of lifeways of individuals, of action and decision for congruent care out- families, groups, communities, and/or institutions comes. Both generic and professional care are inte- related to culture and care phenomena. It gives a grated together so the clients benefit from both comprehensive picture of care knowledge and often types of care. Some The Sunrise Enabler was developed with the nurse researchers have studied care with limited idea to “let the sun enter the researcher’s mind” and variables or in regard to medical symptoms and discover largely unknown care factors of cultures. Discovering the totality of living Generally, a wealth of new and unexpected nursing with a caring ethos in a culture has provided a care knowledge is discovered that has never been wealth of new knowledge about clients’ lifeworld known and used in present-day nursing and med- and care.

Neuroplasticity enables us to learn and remember new things and adjust to new experiences purchase sinemet 300mg fast delivery. On the other hand buy 125 mg sinemet with amex, neuroplasticity continues to be [14] observed even in adults (Kolb & Fantie purchase sinemet 110mg, 1989). The principles of neuroplasticity help us understand how our brains develop to reflect our experiences. For instance, accomplished musicians have a larger auditory cortex compared with the general population (Bengtsson et al. Plasticity is also observed when there is damage to the brain or to parts of the body that are represented in the motor and sensory cortexes. When a tumor in the left hemisphere of the brain impairs language, the right hemisphere will begin to compensate to help the person recover the [17] ability to speak (Thiel et al. And if a person loses a finger, the area of the sensory cortex that previously received information from the missing finger will begin to receive input from adjacent fingers, causing the remaining digits to become more sensitive to touch (Fox, [18] 1984). Although neurons cannot repair or regenerate themselves as skin or blood vessels can, new evidence suggests that the brain can engage in neurogenesis,the forming of new neurons (Van [19] Praag, Zhao, Gage, & Gazzaniga, 2004). These new neurons originate deep in the brain and may then migrate to other brain areas where they form new connections with other neurons [20] (Gould, 2007). This leaves open the possibility that someday scientists might be able to “rebuild‖ damaged brains by creating drugs that help grow neurons. Research Focus: Identifying the Unique Functions of the Left and Right Hemispheres Using Split-Brain Patients We have seen that the left hemisphere of the brain primarily senses and controls the motor movements on the right side of the body, and vice versa. This fact provides an interesting way to studybrain lateralization—the idea that the left and the right hemispheres of the brain are specialized to perform different functions. Because the left and right hemispheres are separated, each hemisphere develops a mind of its own, [22] with its own sensations, concepts, and motivations (Gazzaniga, 2005). By doing so, they assured that—because the two hemispheres had been separated—the image of the shape was experienced only in the right brain hemisphere (remember that sensory input from the left side of the body is sent to the right side of the brain). In split-brain patients, the severed corpus callosum does not permit information to be transferred between hemispheres, which allows researchers to learn about the functions of each hemisphere. In the sample on the left, the split-brain patient could not choose which image had been presented because the left hemisphere cannot process visual information. In the sample on the right the patient could not read the passage because the right brain hemisphere cannot process language. This research, and many other studies following it, has demonstrated that the two brain hemispheres specialize in different abilities. In most people the ability to speak, write, and understand language is located in the left hemisphere. It is also superior in coordinating the order of complex movements—for example, lip movements needed for speech. The right hemisphere, on the other hand, has only very limited verbal abilities, and yet it excels in perceptual skills. The right hemisphere is able to recognize objects, including faces, patterns, and melodies, and it can put a puzzle together or draw a picture. Although Gazzaniga‘s research demonstrated that the brain is in fact lateralized, such that the two hemispheres specialize in different activities, this does not mean that when people behave in a certain way or perform a certain activity they are only using one hemisphere of their brains at a time. We normally use both hemispheres at the same time, and the difference between the [23] abilities of the two hemispheres is not absolute (Soroker et al. Across cultures and ethnic groups, about 90% of people are mainly right-handed, whereas only 10% are primarily left- [24] handed (Peters, Reimers, & Manning, 2006). This fact is puzzling, in part because the number of left-handers is so low, and in part because other animals, including our closest primate relatives, do not show any type of handedness. The existence of right-handers and left-handers provides an interesting example of the relationship among evolution, biology, and social factors and how the same phenomenon can be understood at different levels of analysis (Harris, [25] 1990; McManus, 2002). Ultrasound scans show that 9 out of 10 fetuses suck the thumb of [26] their right hand, suggesting that the preference is determined before birth (Hepper, Wells, & Lynch, 2005), and the [27] mechanism of transmission has been linked to a gene on the X chromosome (Jones & Martin, 2000). It has also been observed that left-handed people are likely to have fewer children, and this may be in part because the mothers of left-handers are more prone to miscarriages and other prenatal problems (McKeever, Cerone, Suter, & Wu, [28] 2000). In the past, left-handed children were forced to write with their right hands in many countries, and this practice continues, particularly in collectivistic cultures, such as India and Japan, where left- handedness is viewed negatively as compared with individualistic societies, such as the United States. For example, [29] India has about half as many left-handers as the United States (Ida & Mandal, 2003). There are both advantages and disadvantages to being left-handed in a world where most people are right-handed. This may explain in part why left-handers suffer [30] somewhat more accidents than do right-handers (Dutta & Mandal, 2006). Despite the potential difficulty living and working in a world designed for right-handers, there seem to be some advantages to being left-handed. Throughout history, a number of prominent artists have been left-handed, including Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Pablo Picasso, and Max Escher.