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The series of reviews represents three distinct approaches ranging from more descriptive reviews of literature to more analytical systematic reviews generic 10 mg prozac fast delivery. This is reflected in the matrices with some analysis presented in a more descriptive format while others are more analytical quality 10mg prozac. Please see Appendix 2 to view the strengths and weaknesses matrix template and the accompanying explanation of key domain categories purchase 10mg prozac with amex. Strengths • Health literacy has been defined as the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process and understand the basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions [10]. Models & theories Were there any models, theories or frameworks identified in the review? Strengths A number of frameworks exist, including Coulter & Ellins’ [12] classification of a typography which proposes four types of health literacy interventions: • written health information interventions; • alternative format interventions; • low literacy initiatives; and • targeted mass media campaigns. Weaknesses • Most interventions have a focus which is limited to the accessibility of written information and alternative formats for the provision of information. Tools Did the review identify any tools that facilitate step by step practical application? Weaknesses • The existing measures all operate at the functional level of literacy and are criticised for measuring literacy rather than health literacy. Evidence What evidence was identified in the review and what was the quality of the evidence? Strengths The interventions in the reviews included: randomised control trials, complex interventions, controlled and uncontrolled experimental designs. The criteria which were used included: • adequacy of study population • comparability of participants • validity of the literacy measurement • reliability of the literacy measurement • maintenance of comparable groups • appropriateness of the outcome measure • appropriateness of statistical analysis • control of confounders • eligibility criteria specified • outcome assessor blinded for all primary outcomes • point estimates and measure of variability given for all primary outcomes • intention-to-treat analysis • a priori sample size calculation • a participant flow diagram. Quality • Two of the five reviews did not apply quality criteria to the included interventions [18, 19]. Behavioural and other changes • Changes in self-efficacy and/or confidence relating to health and/or health behaviour. Weaknesses No identified indicators of success at the interactive or critical levels of health literacy. Application What has been applied into practice in the area of health literacy for the prevention and control of communicable diseases? Strengths • This evidence review identified five reviews with a total of 84 studies [15, 16, 17, 18, 19]. European An evolving body of North American evidence at functional literacy level with possible application to the European context. In addition, many of the studies were mainly located in North America, thus reviews may only be generalised in a limited way to other contexts and health systems. Targeting including hard-to-reach populations No focus on disadvantaged populations – some authors noted the exclusion of some disadvantaged populations [18]. The references cited in this matrix table and upcoming tables are listed in Appendix 3. Strengths • In the context of public health, advocacy strives to optimise health by addressing the environmental, social, political and economic factors that impact on health [20]. Weaknesses • The word advocacy and its underlying concept do not translate directly into other languages [25, 22]. Models & theories Were there any models, theories or frameworks identified in the review? Strengths • A number exist – as an example, this review includes one relating to physical activity developed by Shilton [26]. Weaknesses To date, little focus on developing models and theories specifically for communicable diseases. Commonly included in the toolkits are guides to: • public speaking • designing an advocacy campaign • generating media interest and • lobbying. Weaknesses No evidence of formal or systematic evaluation of health advocacy interventions was identified in this review. Evidence What evidence was identified in the review and what was the quality of the evidence? Public health campaigns to change industry practices that damage health: an analysis of 12 case studies. Two campaigns from each of the six target industries were chosen, reviewed, analysed and coded with the aim to: • examine the interactions between advocacy campaigns and their industry targets; • explore the roles of government, researchers and media; and • identify those characteristics of campaigns that succeed in changing health-damaging practices [31]. However, recent developments, particularly in the application of a theory of change, have strengthened the knowledge base [33, 34]. Behavioural and other changes • No interventions in the review by Freudenberg et al. Behavioural and other changes • None of the interventions in the review by Freudenberg et al.

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Pneumonia Until fever is gone and the child is well enough to participate in routine activities generic 10mg prozac mastercard. Respiratory Infection Until fever is gone and the child is well enough to participate in routine (Viral) activities purchase 10 mg prozac overnight delivery. None cheap prozac 10mg on-line, for respiratory infections without fever, as long as the child is well enough to participate in routine activities. Ringworm Until treatment has been started or if the lesion cannot be covered; or if on the scalp, until 24 hours after treatment has been started. Any child with ringworm should not participate in gym, swimming, and other close contact activities that are likely to expose others until 72 hours after treatment has begun or the lesion can be completely covered. Sports: Follow athlete’s healthcare provider’s recommendations and the specific sports league rules for when the athlete can return to practice and competition. Measles) Exclude unvaccinated children and staff for at least 3 weeks after the onset of rash in the last reported person who developed rubella. Each situation must be looked at individually to determine appropriate control measures to implement. No one with Shigella should use swimming beaches, pools, recreational water parks, spas, or hot tubs until 2 weeks after diarrhea has stopped. Food service employees infected with Shigella bacteria should be excluded from working in food service. An employee may return to work once they are free of the Shigella infection based on test results showing 2 consecutive negative stool cultures that are taken at least 24 hours after diarrhea ceases, not earlier than 48 hours after discontinuation of antibiotics, and at least 24 hours apart; or the food employee may be reinstated once they have been asymptomatic for more than 7 calendar days. Shingles (Zoster) None, if blisters can be completely covered by clothing or a bandage. Persons with severe, disseminated shingles should be excluded regardless of whether the sores can be covered. Staph Skin Infection If draining sores are present and cannot be completely covered and contained with a clean, dry bandage or if the person cannot maintain good personal hygiene. Activities: Children with draining sores should not participate in activities where skin-to-skin contact is likely to occur until their sores are healed. Streptococcal Infection Until 24 hours after antibiotic treatment begins and until the child is (Strep Throat/Scarlet without fever. Fever) Children without symptoms, regardless of a positive throat culture, do not need to be excluded from school. Persons who have strep bacteria in their throats and do not have any symptoms (carriers) appear to be at little risk of spreading infection to those who live, attend school, or work around them. Each situation must be evaluated individually to determine whether the person is contagious and poses a risk to others. Latent tuberculosis infection and tuberculosis disease are reportable conditions in Missouri. Viral Meningitis None, if the child is well enough to participate in routine activities. Special exclusion guidelines may be recommended in the event of an outbreak of an infectious disease in a school setting. Consult your local or state health department when there is more than one case of a reportable disease or if there is increased absenteeism. Certain communicable diseases can have serious consequences for pregnant women and their fetuses. It is helpful if women know their medical history (which of the diseases listed below they have had and what vaccines they have received) when they are hired to work in a childcare or school setting. The childcare or school employers should inform employees of the possible risks to pregnant women and encourage workers who may become pregnant to discuss their occupational risks with a healthcare provider. These women should also be trained on measures to prevent infection with diseases that could harm their fetuses. All persons who work in childcare or school settings should know if they have had chickenpox or rubella disease or these vaccines. If they are not immune (never had disease or vaccine), they should strongly consider being vaccinated for chickenpox and rubella before considering or attempting to become pregnant. Occasionally people will develop mononucleosis-like symptoms such as fever, sore throat, fatigue, and swollen glands. However, some may eventually develop hearing and vision loss; problems with bleeding, growth, liver, spleen, or lungs; and mental disability. Of those with symptoms at birth, 80% to 90% will have problems within the first few years of life. Of those infants with no symptoms at birth, 5% to 10% will later develop varying degrees of hearing and mental or coordination problems. Such persons are at risk for infection of the lungs (pneumonia), part of the eye (retinitis), the liver (hepatitis), the brain and covering of the spinal cord (meningoencephalitis), and the intestines (colitis). As previously stated, since 50% to 85% of women have already been infected and are immune, being exposed will have no effect on their pregnancy. It is uncommon for the virus to become active again in someone who has had a previous infection and for the virus to cause infection in the unborn child.

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Sample response Device Maker Devise User Sampling frame 5 generic 10 mg prozac fast delivery,996 7 prozac 10 mg amex,991 Total returns 277 287 Rejected surveys 35 25 Final sample 242 262 Response rate 4 generic prozac 10mg without prescription. By design, almost half of the respondents (49 percent) are at or above the supervisory levels. By design, half of the respondents (53 percent) are at or above the supervisory levels. Caveats to this study There are inherent limitations to survey research that need to be carefully considered before drawing inferences from findings. The following items are specific limitations that are germane to most Web-based surveys. We sent surveys to a representative sample of individuals, resulting in a large number of usable returned responses. Despite non-response tests, it is always possible that individuals who did not participate are substantially different in terms of underlying beliefs from those who completed the instrument. Sampling-frame bias: The accuracy is based on contact information and the degree to which the list is representative of individuals who have a role or are involvement in contributing to or assessing the security of medical devices. We also acknowledge that the results may be biased by external events such as media coverage. Finally, because we used a Web-based collection method, it is possible that non-Web responses by mailed survey or telephone call would result in a different pattern of findings. Self-reported results: The quality of survey research is based on the integrity of confidential responses received from subjects. While certain checks and balances can be incorporated into the survey process, there is always the possibility that a subject did not provide accurate or truthful responses. Ponemon Institute: Private & Confidential Report 22 Appendix: Detailed Survey Results The following tables provide the frequency or percentage frequency of responses to all survey questions contained in this study. Do you have any role or involvement in contributing to or Device assessing the security of medical devices? If you are involved, how many years have you spent contributing Device to or assessing the security of medical devices? How familiar are you with your organization’s security practices in Device the development and/or use of medical devices? What best describes your organization’s role in development of Device medical devices for use by clinicians and/or patients? What type of medical devices does your organization design, Device develop and/or use? Please provide your response Device according to the proportion of medical devices by risk level. If your organization manufacturers medical devices, who is Device primarily responsible for their security? If your organization is a healthcare provider, who is primarily Device responsible for medical device security? Does your organization provide training/and or policies that defines the acceptable and secure use of medical devices in healthcare Device organizations? Do you feel empowered to raise concerns about the security of Device medical devices in your organization? How concerned are you about the security of medical devices designed or built by or for your organization for users of medical Device devices? How concerned are you that the medical device industry is not doing Device enough to protect patients/users of medical devices? How concerned are you that your security protocols cannot keep Device pace with changing medical device technologies? How concerned are you that your security protocols cannot keep Device pace with changing regulatory requirements? How concerned are you that hackers may target the devices Device designed and built by or for your organization? How confident are you that the security protocols or architecture built inside your organization’s devices adequately protects clinicians Device (users) and patients. How confident are you that you can detect security vulnerabilities Device in medical devices? Approximately, how many different types of medical devices or Device “products” are manufactured by your organization today? How likely is an attack on one or more medical devices built or in Device use by your organization over the next 12 months? How does the use of mobile devices affect the security risk posture Device of the healthcare organizations that use these devices? Has your organization been audited for compliance with medical Device device security standards?

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