By N. Altus. Charleston Southern.

Subtle differences were found in how these elements were weighed by participants buy lamictal 200 mg otc, as they talked about the meaning of psychological intimacy in their relationships buy discount lamictal 50 mg line. Themes of proximity and interdependence were evident among males cheap lamictal 25 mg, as illustrated in the responses of a gay male:Emotionally, things are really good now... We both place a really great importance on togetherness. We make sure that we have dinner together every night and we have our weekend activities that we make sure we do together... The importance of proximity in the connection to his partner became evident as this individual responded to our inquiry about psychological intimacy. At the same time, he noted the value that he placed on separateness from his partner. By implication, he was also talking about the element of interdependence as he expressed the joy of "growing old" with his partner in spite of the differences in their individual psychological makeups. He emphasized proximity along with interpersonal differentiation as he discussed the relationship in recent years. The responses of many women tended to reflect themes of openness and mutuality, along with differentiation in the psychologically intimate connection with their partners. A lesbian participant spoke of those elements in her relationship:What has been good is the ongoing caring and respect and the sense that there is somebody there who really cares, who has your best interest, who loves you, who knows you better than anybody, and still likes you... Variations by gender may have reflected how individuals perceived and valued different elements of psychological intimacy within themselves and in their partners. Because of the gender differences between partners in heterosexual relationships, these variations on the theme of psychological intimacy were manifested in a different way. The following observations of a heterosexual male illustrated those variations; he viewed his wife asvery unselfish, and she would sacrifice so that I could go out and do my thing. One thing that we have always done, always, is talk constantly to each other. And then she feels very bad, and this may last a day or two, and then it passes and everything is fine again... Many heterosexual males viewed observable qualities in their wives, such as support and their style of managing conflict, as important in developing and maintaining a sense of psychological intimacy in their marriages. Females, on the other hand, often commented on the observable and then went on to identify their understanding of the underlying dynamics that shaped behavior. More than men, women talked about the interplay of relational dynamics. The spouse in this marriage reported that she filled certain needs in him, and I know he filled certain needs in me... He tells me I go ballistic over stupid things, and he is outwardly very calming... Themes of connectedness and separateness in these four interview passages were important dynamics in understanding the meaning of psychological intimacy to participants. The elements of proximity, closeness, mutuality, and interdependence may have been shaped most significantly by the interaction of males and females in same- and opposite-gender relationships. That is, it may not be gender alone that accounts for the differences between males and females. If women value attachment in relationships in a way different from men, then the data may suggest a mutually reinforcing process toward strengthening connectedness in lesbian relationships. In heterosexual and gay male relationships, the value that males place on separateness in relationships may temper the quality of attachment that develops over the years, and therefore results in different forms of psychological intimacy. Psychological intimacy between lesbian partners had a different relational history from that of heterosexual and gay male partners. From the early years to recent years, our data suggest a progressive shift toward psychological intimacy between lesbian partners. Lesbians were as evasiveof face-to-face discussions of conflict as heterosexual and gay male males, during the early years of their relationships. For lesbians, the avoidance appeared to be a consequence of fearing abandonment by their partners if they openly confronted differences. Only as lesbian couples became increasingly disenchanted with their relationships did modification in conflict management styles occur. Usually, one partner took the risk of expressing her unhappiness. That encounter resulted in 85% of lesbians applying for couple therapy. Based on the reports of lesbian respondents about the meaning of therapy to their relationships, being involved in treatment may have supported the development of psychologically intimate communication between partners. Qualitative modes of data collection based on in-depth interviews conducted are an effective tool for studying elusive phenomena, such as psychological intimacy. The richness of data elicited through the method used in this study is quite different from data collected through other means, although there are concerns about validity and reliability, as well as the nature of the sample. Psychological intimacy between lesbian partners had a different relational history from that of heterosexual and gay male partners.

In one case of death order lamictal 100 mg line, the amount of acutely ingested olanzapine was reported to be possibly as low as 450 mg discount lamictal 200mg line; however 100 mg lamictal for sale, in another case, a patient was reported to survive an acute olanzapine ingestion of 1500 mg. The possibility of multiple drug involvement should be considered. In case of acute overdosage, establish and maintain an airway and ensure adequate oxygenation and ventilation, which may include intubation. Gastric lavage (after intubation, if patient is unconscious) and administration of activated charcoal together with a laxative should be considered. The possibility of obtundation, seizures, or dystonic reaction of the head and neck following overdose may create a risk of aspiration with induced emesis. Cardiovascular monitoring should commence immediately and should include continuous electrocardiographic monitoring to detect possible arrhythmias. Therefore, appropriate supportive measures should be initiated. Hypotension and circulatory collapse should be treated with appropriate measures such as intravenous fluids and/or sympathomimetic agents. Symptoms of overdose may include drowsiness and slurred speech. Other symptoms may include may include somnolence, mydriasis, blurred vision, respiratory depression, hypotension, and possible extrapyramidal disturbances. Usual Dose -- Oral olanzapine should be administered on a once-a-day schedule without regard to meals, generally beginning with 5 to 10 mg initially, with a target dose of 10 mg/day within several days. Further dosage adjustments, if indicated, should generally occur at intervals of not less than 1 week, since steady state for olanzapine would not be achieved for approximately 1 week in the typical patient. When dosage adjustments are necessary, dose increments/decrements of 5 mg QD are recommended. Efficacy in schizophrenia was demonstrated in a dose range of 10 to 15 mg/day in clinical trials. However, doses above 10 mg/day were not demonstrated to be more efficacious than the 10 mg/day dose. An increase to a dose greater than the target dose of 10 mg/day (i. The safety of doses above 20 mg/day has not been evaluated in clinical trials. Dosing in Special Populations -- The recommended starting dose is 5 mg in patients who are debilitated, who have a predisposition to hypotensive reactions, who otherwise exhibit a combination of factors that may result in slower metabolism of olanzapine (e. When indicated, dose escalation should be performed with caution in these patients. Maintenance Treatment -- While there is no body of evidence available to answer the question of how long the patient treated with olanzapine should remain on it, the effectiveness of oral olanzapine, 10 mg/day to 20 mg/day, in maintaining treatment response in schizophrenic patients who had been stable on ZYPREXA for approximately 8 weeks and were then followed for a period of up to 8 months has been demonstrated in a placebo-controlled trial ( see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY ). Patients should be periodically reassessed to determine the need for maintenance treatment with appropriate dose. Usual Monotherapy Dose -- Oral olanzapine should be administered on a once-a-day schedule without regard to meals, generally beginning with 10 or 15 mg. Dosage adjustments, if indicated, should generally occur at intervals of not less than 24 hours, reflecting the procedures in the placebo-controlled trials. When dosage adjustments are necessary, dose increments/decrements of 5 mg QD are recommended. Short-term (3-4 weeks) antimanic efficacy was demonstrated in a dose range of 5 mg to 20 mg/day in clinical trials. The safety of doses above 20 mg/day has not been evaluated in clinical trials. Maintenance Monotherapy -- The benefit of maintaining bipolar patients on monotherapy with oral ZYPREXA at a dose of 5 to 20 mg/day, after achieving a responder status for an average duration of two weeks, was demonstrated in a controlled trial ( see Clinical Efficacy Data under CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY ). The physician who elects to use ZYPREXA for extended periods should periodically re-evaluate the long-term usefulness of the drug for the individual patient. Bipolar Mania Usual Dose in Combination with Lithium or Valproate -- When administered in combination with lithium or valproate, oral olanzapine dosing should generally begin with 10 mg once-a-day without regard to meals. Short-term (6 weeks) antimanic efficacy was demonstrated in a dose range of 5 mg to 20 mg/day in clinical trials. The safety of doses above 20 mg/day has not been evaluated in clinical trials. Administration of ZYPREXA ZYDIS (olanzapine orally disintegrating tablets)After opening sachet, peel back foil on blister. Immediately upon opening the blister, using dry hands, remove tablet and place entire ZYPREXA ZYDIS in the mouth.

There are many different antidepressants that do this via several different mechanisms cheap 25 mg lamictal overnight delivery, but they all have the effect of boosting one of the neurotransmitters order lamictal 50mg without prescription, either norepinephrine or serotonin discount lamictal 50mg free shipping. It can be hard to keep up hope while waiting for the antidepressant to start working. At first all one feels is the side effects - dry mouth ("cottonmouth"), sedation, difficulty in urinating. But after awhile, the desired effect begins to happen. Instead, when I take antidepressants, other people act differently towards me. I find that people stop avoiding me, and eventually start to look directly at me and talk to me and want to be around me. After months with little or no human contact, complete strangers spontaneously start conversations with me. Women start to flirt with me where before they would have feared me. This, of course, is a wonderful thing and my experience has often been that it is the behavior of others rather than the medicine that lifts my mood. Of course, what really must be happening is that they are reacting to changes in my behavior, but these changes must be subtle indeed. And yet, it truly does seem that when my mood looks up, EVERYthing looks up. One reason people resist taking antidepressants is that they feel they would rather be depressed than to experience artificial happiness from a drug. Being depressed is as much a delusional state as believing oneself to be the Emperor of France. This makes it difficult for nerve signals to be transmitted and has a dampening effect on much of your brain activity. Antidepressants increase the concentration of neurotransmitters back up to their normal levels so that nerve impulses can propagate successfully. What you experience when taking antidepressants is much closer to reality than what you experience while depressed. Auditory hallucinations are a key sign of schizophrenia. Auditory hallucinations are the key sign of schizophrenia. After the summer I was diagnosed, when I related my experience to a fellow UCSC student who studied psychology, he said that the fact that I heard voices by itself made some psychologists consider me schizophrenic. Everyone has an inner voice that they talk to themselves with in their thoughts. Until you come to understand what they are, you cannot distinguish them from someone actually talking to you. Other people hear voices whose words express much more disturbing things. It is common for hallucinations to be harshly critical, to say that one is worthless or deserves to die. Sometimes the voices discuss the inner thoughts of the person who hears them, so they think everyone around can hear their private thoughts discussed aloud. Usually those who hear voices find some way to rationalize why the speech does not have a speaker, for example by believing that the sound is being projected to them over a distance via some kind of radio. For the most part, all my voice ever said was "Mike! When I was brought to Alhambra CPC, I was on a "72 hour hold". Basically I was in for three days of observation, to allow myself to be studied by the staff to determine whether lengthier treatment was warranted. I had the understanding that if I just stayed cool for three days I would be out with no questions asked and so although I was profoundly manic, I stayed calm and behaved myself. Mostly I either watched TV with the other patients or tried to soothe myself by pacing up and down the hall. But when my hold was up and I asked to leave, my psychiatrist came to tell me he wanted me to stay longer. He said something was seriously wrong with me and we needed to deal with it. When I denied it, his response was to ask "Do you ever hear someone call your name, and you turn, and no one is there?

It might well happen that some who knew me when I was the most ill might post embarrassing comments in response to this article buy generic lamictal 100mg on line. It might also happen that potential consulting clients - or my current ones - read this and wonder about my competence buy lamictal 200 mg online. It is a risk that I accept in order to live true to myself 25 mg lamictal with visa. While at times I am in the grip of insanity, I take full responsibility for everything I have ever done. The best defense that I have is to let my words speak on my behalf. Stand before the people you fear and speak your mind - even if your voice shakes. Schizophrenia patients make up about 1% of the general population (see Schizophrenia Statistics ) but can be very difficult to treat, with schizophrenia patients taking up about 8% of the hospital beds. Moreover, people with severe mental illness, like schizophrenia patients, make up about 20%-25% of the homeless population. There are a variety of reasons why schizophrenia patients are a challenge to successfully treat. Schizophrenia medication is extremely effective for treating many of the symptoms of schizophrenia, like hallucinations and delusions. In fact, when treated, about 80% of people who experience their first psychotic episode will never have another. The problem, though, is that many schizophrenia patients stop taking their medication; this is known as medication noncompliance. A schizophrenia patient may stop taking their medication for a variety of reasons, medication side effects being one. Just some of the medication side effects include: Muscle movement disordersBlood pressure problemsIt???s unfortunate that patients with schizophrenia stop taking their medication because this often sends them into a psychosis, making it impossible for them to work with a doctor or therapist to find a better treatment for them. Other reasons a schizophrenia patient may not take their medication include:Medication availabilityNot "feeling like themselves"Reemergence of symptomsOne symptom that 97% of schizophrenia patients suffer from is lack of insight. This means that the schizophrenia patient doesn???t fully understand their illness and the need for treatment. This symptom, in and of itself, can make patients stop taking medication simply because they do not believe they need it and do not believe they are sick. Schizophrenia patients also have high rates of co-occurring disorders, like substance abuse and depression. These additional disorders can make the underlying schizophrenia more difficult to treat and it???s possible schizophrenia may even be misdiagnosed due to the existence of the other disorders. Additionally, schizophrenia patients with substance use disorders are known to be less likely to follow a treatment plan. Unfortunately, patients with schizophrenia also suffer from social and environmental factors that can make the illness more difficult to treat. For example, many schizophrenia patients have lost touch with their friends and family, removing the social supports needed to facilitate recovery. This might be because of the strain the illness has placed on those relationships before treatment is attempted. This may be because many schizophrenia patients initially develop the mental illness around age 20 ??? the age when they are to be entering the workforce. Because the symptoms can be so severe, many people with schizophrenia lose, and then later cannot regain, a job. Up to 6% of schizophrenia patients also live in jails or prisons, creating an environment that makes the treatment of schizophrenia more difficult. Like other drugs that antagonize dopamine D receptors, paliperidone elevates 2 prolactin levels and the elevation persists during chronic adTreating schizophrenia. It may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor. It works by affecting certain substances in the brain. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:if you have a history of seizures, heart problems (eg, heart failure, slow or irregular heartbeat), abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG), a heart attack, a stroke, blood vessel problems (including in the brain), high or low blood pressure, low white blood cell levels, or high cholesterol or triglyceride levelsif you have a history of kidney or liver problems, neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), suicidal thoughts or attempts, or alcohol abuse or dependenceif you have diabetes or are very overweight, or if a family member has had diabetesif you have Alzheimer disease, dementia, Parkinson disease, or trouble swallowingif you have had high blood prolactin levels or a history of certain types of cancer (eg, breast, pancreas, pituitary, brain), or if you are at risk of breast cancerif you are dehydrated, have very low blood volume, drink alcohol, or will be exposed to very high temperaturesif you have not previously been taking an antipsychotic medicineSome MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Lurasidone. Ask your health care provider if Lurasidone may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions. Take Lurasidone by mouth with food (at least 350 calories). Take Lurasidone on a regular schedule to get the most benefit from it. Taking Lurasidone at the same time each day will help you remember to take it.