{"id":22700,"date":"2016-07-07T06:49:38","date_gmt":"2016-07-07T11:19:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/seryhumano.com\/web\/?p=22700"},"modified":"2016-07-07T06:49:38","modified_gmt":"2016-07-07T11:19:38","slug":"nettie-stevens-la-investigadora-detras-de-los-cromosomas-xy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/seryhumano.com\/web\/?p=22700","title":{"rendered":"Nettie Stevens: La investigadora detr\u00e1s de los cromosomas XY"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>El trabajo Studies in Spermatogenesis with Special Reference to the \u00abAccessory Chromosome\u00bb de 1905 marc\u00f3 un antes y un despu\u00e9s en el estudio de la gen\u00e9tica.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/seryhumano.com\/web\/?attachment_id=22702\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-22702\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-22702\" src=\"https:\/\/seryhumano.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/nettie-stevens--e1467890343415.jpg\" alt=\"nettie-stevens-\" width=\"500\" height=\"250\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>La investigaci\u00f3n de la estadounidense Nettie Stevens (Vermont, Estados Unidos, 1861), revolucion\u00f3 la gen\u00e9tica. La pregunta que gui\u00f3 a la cient\u00edfica, de cuyo nacimiento se celebra el 155 aniversario, fue la siguiente: \u00bfQu\u00e9 gen\u00e9tica hay detr\u00e1s del sexo? \u00bfC\u00f3mo se determina este?<\/p>\n<p>Nettie Stevens se doctor\u00f3 en 1903 en el Bryn Mawr College de Filadelfia, en la facultad en la que trabajaban dos grandes bi\u00f3logos de la \u00e9poca. Partiendo de la investigaci\u00f3n iniciada por Edmund Beecher Wilson y Thomas Hunt Morgan \u2014m\u00e1s tarde distinguido con el Premio Nobel\u2014, Stevens descubri\u00f3 la conexi\u00f3n entre los cromosomas y las caracter\u00edsticas f\u00edsicas.<\/p>\n<p>El trabajo Studies in Spermatogenesis with Special Reference to the \u00abAccessory Chromosome\u00bb de 1905 marc\u00f3 un antes y un despu\u00e9s en el estudio de la gen\u00e9tica. Stevens analiz\u00f3 la diferenciaci\u00f3n celular en embriones y en el estudio de los cromosomas. Si antes la ciencia hab\u00eda sostenido que los cromosomas se organizaban en largos bucles, ahora Stevens traz\u00f3 un dibujo distinto: los cromosomas existen como estructuras parejas en las c\u00e9lulas. Si las c\u00e9lulas som\u00e1ticas de las hembras conten\u00edan 20 cromosomas grandes, las masculinas ten\u00edan 19 grandes y una peque\u00f1a, 9 parejas de cromosomas grandes y una constituida por uno grande y otro peque\u00f1o.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/seryhumano.com\/web\/?attachment_id=22701\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-22701\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-22701\" src=\"https:\/\/seryhumano.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/N.-Stevens-e1467890253313.jpg\" alt=\"N. Stevens\" width=\"500\" height=\"343\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>La cient\u00edfica lleg\u00f3 a la conclusi\u00f3n de que son los cromosomas los encargados de determinar el sexo de los organismos y que la \u00fanica diferencia que determina el sexo radica en dos clases de espermatozoides: los espermatozoides que poseen el cromosoma X y los que poseen el Y. Si un \u00f3vulo es fecundado por un espermatozoide portador de X produc\u00eda una hembra, y si el cromosoma era Y dar\u00eda lugar al macho.<\/p>\n<p>Stevens desarroll\u00f3 una carrera breve pero llena de avances irrefutables para la ciencia. Falleci\u00f3 en 1912 a causa de un c\u00e1ncer de mama, antes de poder tener acceso a la c\u00e1tedra que se hab\u00eda creado especialmente para ella en Bryn Mawr College.<\/p>\n<p>seryhumano.com<\/p>\n<p>elpais.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>El trabajo Studies in Spermatogenesis with Special Reference to the \u00abAccessory Chromosome\u00bb de 1905 marc\u00f3 un antes y un despu\u00e9s en el estudio de la gen\u00e9tica. La investigaci\u00f3n de la estadounidense Nettie Stevens (Vermont, Estados Unidos, 1861), revolucion\u00f3 la gen\u00e9tica. La pregunta que gui\u00f3 a la cient\u00edfica, de cuyo nacimiento se celebra el 155 aniversario,&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":22701,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[110,305],"tags":[159,1087,1504,1088,143,1503,1502,1110,1501,210,306],"class_list":["post-22700","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noticias","category-ser-cientifico","tag-ciencia","tag-biologia","tag-celulas","tag-ciencias-naturales","tag-concepto-del-proyecto","tag-cromosomas","tag-doodle-google","tag-genetica","tag-nettie-stevens-la-investigadora-detras-de-los-cromosomas-xy","tag-noticias","tag-ser-cientifico","category-110","category-305","description-off"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Nettie Stevens: La investigadora detr\u00e1s de los cromosomas XY &#187; SeryHumano.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/seryhumano.com\/web\/?p=22700\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Nettie Stevens: La investigadora detr\u00e1s de los cromosomas XY &#187; SeryHumano.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"El trabajo Studies in Spermatogenesis with Special Reference to the \u00abAccessory Chromosome\u00bb de 1905 marc\u00f3 un antes y un despu\u00e9s en el estudio de la gen\u00e9tica. 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